2025 Policy Framework
Purpose:
To define the strategic priorities, governance principles, and operational guidelines for the year 2025 to ensure organizational effectiveness and alignment with long-term goals.
Scope:
This policy applies to all employees, management, and board members involved in planning and executing organizational activities in 2025.
Policy Statements:
- Strategic Priorities:
- Focus on innovation and sustainability initiatives.
- Enhance customer satisfaction through improved service delivery.
- Strengthen financial stability and resource optimization.
- Governance:
- Adhere to transparency, accountability, and ethical standards.
- Foster inclusive decision-making involving stakeholders at all levels.
- Regularly review and update policies to remain relevant.
- Operational Guidelines:
- Implement measurable performance indicators aligned with 2025 goals.
- Promote continuous professional development and capacity building.
- Encourage collaboration across departments and external partners.
- Compliance:
- Ensure all activities comply with applicable laws and regulations.
- Maintain documentation and reporting mechanisms for auditing purposes.
- Review and Amendments:
- The policy will be reviewed annually or as needed to address emerging challenges and opportunities.
Board of Meetings Policy and Structures
Purpose:
To establish a clear framework for planning, conducting, and documenting board meetings to ensure effective governance and decision-making.
Scope:
This policy applies to all board members and officers involved in the organization’s governance.
Policy Statements:
- Meeting Frequency and Scheduling:
- The Board shall meet at least quarterly, with additional meetings convened as necessary.
- Meeting dates shall be scheduled at least one year in advance when possible.
- Special meetings may be called with appropriate notice to address urgent matters.
- Notice and Agenda:
- Written notice of meetings, including the agenda, shall be provided to all board members at least 7 days prior to the meeting.
- The agenda shall be prepared by the Chair in consultation with the CEO and circulated in advance.
- Quorum:
- A quorum for board meetings shall be a majority of the current board members.
- Decisions made without a quorum shall be considered invalid.
- Conduct of Meetings:
- Meetings shall be conducted according to the organization’s bylaws and Robert’s Rules of Order (or other agreed parliamentary procedures).
- Respectful and orderly discussion shall be maintained to facilitate decision-making.
- Minutes and Records:
- Minutes shall be taken to record attendance, motions, discussions, and decisions.
- Minutes shall be approved at the subsequent meeting and stored securely as official records.
- Committees:
- The Board may establish committees (e.g., Audit, Governance, Finance) to focus on specific areas.
- Committees shall report regularly to the full Board.
- Confidentiality:
- Board members shall maintain confidentiality regarding sensitive information discussed during meetings.
- Review:
- This policy shall be reviewed biennially or as needed to ensure effectiveness.
Creditors existing on Loan bases and thatof other creditors issuing on expired use systems of skill.
Foreclosures by creditors
occur when a borrower defaults on a loan, allowing the creditor to take possession of the secured property. The process typically involves the creditor initiating a legal action, which can lead to the property being sold at a public auction to recover the debt. Creditors can also use other remedies, such as a private sale or, in some cases, a strict foreclosure, where they may take the property to satisfy the debt.
The foreclosure process
- Payment default: A borrower fails to make payments as agreed upon in the loan contract.
- Notice of default: The lender typically sends a notice of default after the first missed payment, and foreclosure proceedings can begin after about three to six months of missed payments.
- Public auction: In many cases, the property is sold at a public auction, often held at a courthouse, to the highest bidder.
- Credit bid: If no one bids high enough to cover the debt, the creditor can “credit bid” and take ownership of the property themselves.
- Strict foreclosure: In some situations, the creditor may be able to take the property directly in satisfaction of the debt, without a public sale.
- Private sale: A creditor can also sell the collateral through a private sale, which may result in higher returns for everyone involved.
What happens after the sale
- Transfer of ownership: After a court confirms the sale, the sheriff’s office issues a new deed to the new owner, transferring ownership from the original homeowner.
- Surplus funds: If the sale price is more than the amount owed, the surplus funds go to the court. The court will use them to pay outstanding liens, such as tax liens, and any remaining money is given to the homeowner.
How to avoid foreclosure
- Contact the lender: Reach out to your lender as soon as possible if you are worried about missing a payment. You may be able to work out a repayment plan or a forbearance plan, which temporarily postpones payments.
- Contact a housing counselor: A housing counselor can help you evaluate your financial situation and options.
- Deed-in-lieu of foreclosure: Some states allow you to voluntarily turn the property over to your lender to avoid the foreclosure process
- Meeting information: Note the date, time, and location of the board meeting.
- Dividend declaration:
- State the type of dividend (interim, final, or special).
- Specify the dividend amount per share.
- Set the record date (the date a shareholder must be registered to receive the dividend) and the payment date.
- Company details: Include the company name, address, and registration number.
- Attendance: List all directors who were present and those who were absent.
- Resolutions: Clearly document the resolution to pay the dividend.
(c) The US and the World Bank’s roles in fight
against corruption
(d) Corrupting fight against corruption
Author + Contributors + or – Subscribers
8. The tone of the author, in this passage, could be best described as except
(a) Critical
(b) Analytical
(c) Praiseworthy role of US to fight corruption
(d) Reviewing the World Bank’s role to fight corruption in developing countries.
9. Which of the following(s), the author suggested that the World Bank would do well to keep things in mind as it takes up the fight against corruption?
1. Corruption in poor developing countries is so well spread that it is less of an administrative
and economic issue
than more of a political issue,
which can be dealt with through countries’
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policy to fight corruption.
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II. Despite the fact that it is the developing countries must take responsibility for rooting out corruption, the West can do much to help.
Every bribe that is taken has a payer, and too often the bribe payer is a corporation from an advanced industrial country or some one acting on its behalf. Therefore, at a minimum, the western governments and corporations should not be complicit.
(a) I only
(c) I and II both
(d) None of these
(b) II only
10. According to the passage, which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
I. US Government’s stance on bank secrecy account, which facilitates corruption by providing corrupt officials with a safe haven for their funds, will limit bank secrecy and thus help fight corruption.
II. Contributions to election fund in some countries before election that oblige politicians to repay major donors with favours is a source of overt corruption
III. When the World Bank confronts a poor country plagued with corruption, its challenge is to ensure that its own money is not tainted and gets to projects and people that need it. Only this way the Bank’s primary responsibility to fight poverty could be fulfilled.
do not, on average, do as well as resource poor countries- is the prevalence of corruption, too often aided and abetted by companies that would like to get the resources they sell at discount prices.
The US under President Jimmy Carter made an important contribution in passing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which made bribery by American companies anywhere in the world illegal.
The OECD’s convention on bribery was another step in the right direction. Making all payments to governments transparent would bring further progress, and western governments could encourage this simply by tying this requirement to tax deductibility.
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It is equally important to address bank secrecy, which facilitates corruption by providing corrupt dictators’ wives a safe haven for their funds.
In August 2001, just before the terrorist attacks on America, the US government vetoed an OECD effort to limit secret bank accounts.
While the government has since reversed its stance on bank secrecy for terrorists, it has not done so for corrupt officials. A strong stand by the World Bank would enhance its credibility in the war on corruption.
Those who criticize the Bank’s stance on corruption do not do so because they favour corruption. Some critics worry about corruption in the corruption agenda itself; that the fight will be used as a “cover” for cutting aid to countries that displease the US administration.
Such concerns have found resonance in the seeming incongruity of the Bank’s tough talk on corruption and simultaneous plans to expand lending to Iraq.
No one is like to certify that Iraq is corruption free-or even ranks low on corruption internationally.
The main strident criticism, however, comes from those who worry that the Bank is straying away from its mandate.
Of course, the Bank must do everything that it can to ensure that its money is well spent, which means fighting both corruption and incompetence.
But money itself will not solve all problems and a single minded focus on fighting corruption will not bring development.
On the contrary, it might merely divert attention from other issues of no less important for those struggling to lift themselves out of poverty. (The author was Joseph D. Stiglitz, the Nobel laureate and Professor of Economics in Columbia University, USA. The above passage was adapted from his article published in an Indian daily in October 2006).
7. Which one of the following titles could be most suitable for the passage?
(a) The World Bank’s aid to developing countries
(b) The World Bank’s fight against corruption
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